You explain to her that this means that:. The odds are less than 1 in 20 that the differences observed were only a chance variation. A previously healthy 8-year-old boy has a 3-week history of low-grade fever of unknown source, fatigue, weight loss, myalgia, and headaches.
On repeated examinations during this time, he is found to have developed a heart murmur, petechiae, and mild splenomegaly. The most likely diagnosis is:. After you make the diagnosis in the previous case, you explain the findings to the family and instruct the family to:.
Ensure that the patient receives antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures. A 5-year-old boy who was previously healthy has a 1-day history of low-grade fever, colicky abdominal pain, and a skin rash.
He is alert but irritable; temperature is A diffuse, erythematous, maculopapular, and petechial rash is present on his buttocks and lower extremities, as shown in the following figure. There is no localized abdominal tenderness or rebound; bowel sounds are active. A 4-month-old baby boy has just arrived in the emergency room. He is cold and stiff. History from the parents is that the seemingly healthy infant had been placed in his crib for the night, and when they next saw him, in the morning, he was dead.
Physical examination is uninformative. Routine whole-body x-rays are shown. A mother brings an month-old to the emergency center with the concern that the child may have ingested a substance. Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of ipecac in this child:. A mother calls you on the telephone and says that her 4-year-old son bit the hand of her 2-year-old son 2 days previously.
The area around the laceration has become red, indurated, and swollen, and he has a temperature of Your response should be to:. Admit the child to the hospital immediately for surgical debridement and antibiotic treatment. Prescribe penicillin over the telephone and have the mother apply warm soaks for 15 min qid. The adolescent shown presents with a day history of multiple oval lesions over her back. The rash began with a single lesion over the lower abdomen A ; the other lesions developed over the next days B.
These lesions are slightly pruritic. The likely diagnosis is:. The most appropriate initial therapy for the patient in the previous question is:. A very concerned mother brings a 2-year-old child to your office because of multiple episodes of a brief, shrill cry followed by a prolonged expiration and apnea.
You have been following this child in your practice since birth and know that the child is a product of a normal pregnancy and delivery, has been growing and developing normally, and has no acute medical problems. The mother relates that the first episode in question occurred immediately after the mother refused to give the child some juice. The child became cyanotic and unconscious and had generalized clonic jerks.
A few moments later the child awakened and had no residual effects. A second episode of identical nature occurred at the grocery store when the father of the child refused to purchase a toy for the child.
Your physical examination reveals a totally delightful and normal child. The most likely diagnosis in this case is:. Obtain an EEG and neurologic consultation prior to starting anticonvulsants. The 3-day-old infant pictured has a facial rash.
You are called to the emergency room to see one of your patients. Question 2. Is a pediatrician responsible for prescribing lab tests? Only sometimes. Question 3. A pediatrician's responsibilities include select multiple answers. Keeping updated records.
Administering vaccines. Talking to other doctors. Question 4. Question 5. One of the hardest parts of being a pediatrician is Dealing with the parents. Diagnosing the child correctly. Emotional trauma. All of the above. Question 6. Do you have to take the MCAT to become a pediatrician? No- but it's recommended. All of the other options are "folk" treatments for a cold, and it's true that many things can make a child with a cold feel better.
But the illness has to run its course. While asthma has both a genetic component and environmental triggers like pet dander , stress or strong emotion can bring on an attack. Children deal with stress just like adults do; the difficulties of their lives shouldn't be dismissed as "just kid stuff. Polio, short for poliomyelitis, isn't just a childhood disease.
But it used to hit children hard because of its transmission through trace fecal matter. Children's hygiene habits, especially in using the bathroom, really aren't all they should be.
Children wet the bed sometimes, of course. But if the behavior appears in a child with otherwise good bladder control, along with symptoms like weight loss, thirst and irritability, juvenile diabetes might be the reason. This is actually fairly common in poor families. Kids might have high-calorie diets, but if those calories come from fruit punch, cola, chips, candy and white bread, without adequate fruits, vegetables and proteins, they will show signs of malnutrition, like hair falling out and bad skin.
Sometimes asthma is only minor. But for acute attacks, a rescue inhaler with an albuterol solution is important, and children should be taught to carry them and use them. Homeopathic medication actually contains no active ingredient.
Instead, it is said to retain the "memory" of being exposed to a substance because of the "intention" of the homeopath. Unfortunately, when parents don't understand this, it's children who suffer. Some allergens, like peanuts or bee venom, cause an acute crisis called anaphylaxis. It can be life-threatening when swelling of tissues in the airways does not allow for proper breathing. Both children and adults can suffer from these allergies.
Leukemia isn't one disease, but several cancers affecting blood cells and bone marrow. According the the American Cancer Society, they are responsible for about 30 percent of childhood cancer cases. Children can have chemotherapy, and in fact tend to bounce back from it faster than adults. Radiation is more likely to have damaging long-term effects in the very young, according to the American Cancer Society -- but as with all treatments, risks versus benefits must be carefully weighed.
Children cannot legally make decisions about their medical care; the parent or guardian must. But a pediatrician also has to pay attention to whether the adult seems to have the child's true best interest at heart, and try to intervene if not. Palpation simply means pressing or gently kneading a part of the body to feel for anomalies. A hard or distended abdomen is a sign that something is wrong.
0コメント