For example, in verse 10b we have the expression: you shall make his soul an offering for sin. And in verse 11b we read: by the knowledge of himself shall my righteous servant justify many; and he shall bear their iniquities. Not only are these words of sacrifice used generally in the Old Testament Law, but more specifically, we read of these very terms in Leviticus 16, which is the chapter that expounds and explains all the details regarding the Yom Kippur or Day of Atonement sacrifice.
This, then, was the reason why Messiah had to die: to provide the blood-sacrifice for sin once and for all. No longer would the Jews be burdened with the yearly sacrifices.
Messiah had to die in order to provide that atonement, for blood is the means of redemption. Another key issue is found in these two verses from Isaiah There is a statement here that is somewhat confusing.
Verse 11b reads: by the knowledge of himself shall my righteous servant justify many. The word for knowledge is a Hebrew word that emphasizes experiential knowledge, not mere head knowledge. This is a knowledge of the heart or a knowledge of faith. To understand Hebrews, one must first understand Leviticus.
Just as Leviticus had a central verse in around which the entire book and Law revolved, so the Book of Hebrews also makes the very same point in its central verse, Hebrews And according to the law, I may almost say, all things are cleansed with blood, and apart from shedding of blood there is no remission. In Leviticus , the principle was that the blood made atonement for the soul. In the New Testament, using different words but giving the same message, it says that apart from the shedding of blood there is no remission.
All things are cleansed with blood. It picks up the theme of Leviticus and the prophecy of Isaiah to show the superiority of the sacrifice of the Messiah. A number of passages bring out these things. Notice carefully how the author definitely has two things in the back of his mind: first, the Book of Leviticus with animal sacrifices; and second, Isaiah 53 with the Messiah being the final sacrifice.
This passage makes the point that the Messiah came as a Jew and underwent all the problems that a Jew had to go through in order that he might become a merciful and sympathetic high priest. The reason the Messiah came as a Jew was so that He, too, would live under the Law and take upon Himself the burden of the Law.
He could clearly sympathize with the Jewish state under the Law. This passage develops further the very same point that Yeshua Jesus is the sympathetic high priest, for He understands what an individual has to undergo because He Himself underwent all these things. The superiority of the Priesthood of the Messiah is pointed out by the fact of the mortality of all other priests.
One high priest would serve, but sooner or later he would die and a new priest would need to be chosen to begin the cycle all over again. The life-and-death cycle proved to be a disadvantage to the old priesthood. The superiority of the Priesthood of the Messiah is shown in that it abides eternally. For Jesus was resurrected, and by virtue of that Resurrection, Jesus remains a high priest forever.
This passage indicates that the sacrifices had to be repeated day in and day out, year in and year out. The Messiah was to be the once for all sacrifice for sin. This is what happened when Jesus came and offered up His own blood as the atonement for sin. Also, in the old order of priesthood, the high priest had to sacrifice and shed blood for his own sins first before he could sacrifice and shed blood to make atonement for the sins of the people.
Since Yeshua was sinless, He did not need to first atone for His own sins, but with His own blood made atonement for all who would accept it. He made atonement for the whole world, of course, but the atonement is only applied to those who would believe. The first disadvantage of the Levitical Priesthood was that the priests would eventually die. The second disadvantage of the old system was that sacrifices had to be repeated year in and year out. The third disadvantage was that the earthly priest had to atone for his own sins before he could atone for the sins of anyone else.
In dealing with the priesthood we have through Jesus the Messiah, all three of these disadvantages rectified. First, since Jesus by virtue of His Resurrection now lives forever, we never have an interrupted priesthood.
Never again will Yeshua have to shed His blood. So another clear advantage over the Mosaic Law is that the sacrifice of the Messiah does not need to be repeated, it was once and for all. The third situation lies in the fact that, whereas in the Old Testament system, the earthly priest had to atone for his own sins. That was not the case with our Messiah since our Messiah is a sinless Messiah. There is no need to have Yeshua first offer up a sacrifice for His own sins and then offer up a sacrifice for the sins of the others.
In other words, our High Priest is a sinless priest, whereas the Levitical Priesthood was a sinful priesthood. The concept of the question of why the Messiah had to die in the Book of Hebrews is kept in strict conformity with that which was demanded by the Book of Leviticus and by the hope of Isaiah That which the Old Testament hoped for was found in the New Testament in complete fulfillment by the death of the Messiah.
The superiority of the Messiah as over against all other sacrifices is pointed out in Hebrews Unlike the animal sacrifices, the sacrifice of Jesus was to bring eternal redemption rather than temporary atonement. This is the fourth distinction between the two systems. Furthermore, even after the animal sacrifice, the Jew was still conscious of his sins. Faith in the sacrifice of Jesus, however, brings a complete cleansing of the conscience of sins. This is the fifth contrast.
Another passage is found in Hebrews so Christ also, having been once offered to bear the sins of many, shall appear a second time, apart from sin, to them that wait for him, unto salvation. Yeshua first came to be the sin-offering for the people, just as the Suffering Servant of Isaiah 53 needed to be.
Also, just as the Suffering Servant was the One who bore the sins of many, Yeshua did so through His death. Then, the verse states that Yeshua will come a second time for a different purpose.
The purpose of the First Coming was to die for sin. The purpose of the Second Coming will be to establish the Messianic Kingdom. Once again, a contrast is drawn between the animal sacrifices and the blood-sacrifice of Jesus in Hebrews The animal sacrifices had to be repeated year in and year out. While these sacrifices provided temporary atonement, they never provided permanent forgiveness of sins. Rather, the yearly sacrifices served to remind the Jewish person of his sins; he knew he would have to bring another sacrifice the next year as well.
Law holds matter together, brings order to the universe and governs moral conduct among human beings. The Ten Commandments sum up God's spiritual law. The law brilliantly defines the perfect, loving, wonderful character of the true God of the Bible. But here's a sad fact: Even atheists believe in law—like the laws of physics—but they don't know how to explain its existence because, well, in spite of all evidence to the contrary, they're atheists.
Here's the deal about God's law. To transgress or break that divine law is called sin see 1 John 1 John Whoever commits sin transgresses also the law: for sin is the transgression of the law. We've all done that: "As it is written: There is none righteous, no, not one. So where does that leave us? We want to live—God made us that way. But if you sin, you die.
Great question! In the film National Treasure a law was broken, and the FBI agent tells the lead character, "Someone has to go to prison. In the Old Testament God gave ancient Israel a priesthood who offered animal sacrifices when people sinned. From statements in the New Testament it appears that a common assumption in Jesus' time was that the animal sacrifices served to appease justice in the matter of human sin.
To many it was unthinkable that a person , the Messiah, would come to die in their place—especially through the disgraceful death of crucifixion like a common criminal! They anticipated a dynamic conquering king-messiah who would make other people die—like their Roman overlords—and make their nation of Israel great again. So they missed the point that animal sacrifices could not and cannot substitute as the penalty for human sin see Hebrews Hebrews For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins.
God's law is the law. Death is the penalty for violating that law—sin. We have sinned, so someone has to die. Moreover, because these Levitical priests and high priests were not sinless but continued to sin, sacrifices had to be brought on many occasions during their lives.
But Christ shed his own sinless blood once and for all Hebrews as a propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only, but also for the whole world 1 John During the time the Law of Moses was in force, even after animal sacrifices were brought, Jews were still conscious of their sins, for the blood of animals could only cover sins; it could not take it away.
Some object to the above given the virgin birth and resurrection of Jesus. But can God bring about a virgin birth or resurrect someone from the dead?
Of course God can. Sometimes Jewish people object to the Messiahship of Jesus because He was supposed to bring peace. Matthew , so peace did not come then. Other objections are dealt with in the article of Fruchtenbaum alluded to earlier. Both the Old and New Testament conclude that the means of redemption was by blood and the permanent blood-sacrifice was the Messiah Himself.
That is why the Messiah had to die according to the Old Testament. That is why the Messiah did die according to the New Testament. We cannot approach God the Father except by means of blood, and the permanent Way to God is in and through Jesus Christ, who shed his blood on the cross for sinners like you and me cf. John
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